The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) recently released their College Free Speech Rankings for the 2022-2023 academic year. They conducted a survey of 44,847 students enrolled in 208 four-year universities across the U.S., and considered many aspects of what constitutes a free-speech culture. They asked about student perceptions on comfort expressing ideas, tolerance for liberal speakers, tolerance for conservative speakers, disruptive content, and administrative support. They also graded administrative behavior using the number of students whose speech right were supported, the number sanctioned, the number of speakers disinvited, and their FIRE speech code rating which evaluates the actual written policies of the schools. The results are combined to give a rating from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

Typically they received 200 to 250 responses from each university. They did try to choose representative samples of students. The complete results and more details may be found here. The top-rated schools are the University of Chicago (77.92), Kansas State (76.20), Purdue (75.81), Mississippi State (74.72), Oklahoma State (74.35), Claremont McKenna (72.65), North Carolina-Greensboro (68,72), Northern Arizona (68.50), North Carolina State (67.93), and Oregon State (67.42). The bottom ten are Columbia (9.91), Penn (14.32), RPI (18.6), Georgetown (20.48), Skidmore (21.51), Yale (22.65), Northwestern (23.09), Pitzer (23.51), Scripps (26.35), and Santa Clara (26.50).

That the University of Chicago is at the top is no surprise since it is the birthplace of the Chicago Principles of Free Speech . They are also ranked first for its administration’s policies. That they are not close to 100 in absolute score seems to indicate that the anti-free speech pressure there comes from the students and faculty; the FIRE survey also reported the liberal/conservative mix of the respondents, and Chicago was 80% liberal. Among the rest of the top five, Kansas State was only 43% liberal, Purdue 52%, Mississippi State 34%, and Oklahoma State 45%. Although not perfect, there was a negative correlation (coefficient -0.49) between the fraction of the student body that identified as liberal and the FIRE rating.

It is interesting to compare how the ratings vary with region of the country. To do this, I used NCAA conferences as a proxy for region (it was easier that way). The average FIRE rating, average ranking of the administration’s policies, and liberal percentage are shown in the following table for the Power 5 NCAA conferences plus the Ivy league, which includes 74 of the 208 universities studied. TCU was not included in the rankings, so they are not included in the Big 12’s numbers. (Unfortunately, Alfred University was not in the rankings, either.) The Admin number is shown as a ranking, rather than an absolute number, out of 203 schools. (Brigham Young, Baylor, Hillsdale, Pepperdine, and Saint Louis University, are not included in the Admin rankings since they were ranked separately due to their having policies that state that they prioritize other values over a commitment to freedom of speech, according to the statement on the FIRE website.)

 

Other than the Ivy league, which is predictably below average, there is not much to choose among the other conferences’ average FIRE ratings. The numbers in parentheses show the results after the future switch of Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 to the SEC and the addition of BYU, Houston, Cincinnati and Central Florida to the Big 12, which will happen in the next few years. The Big 12 and SEC have the least liberal student bodies, and the Big 12 is markedly better than the others when it came to administration policies, especially after Texas and Oklahoma defect to the SEC.

There were definitely variations within a conference. The following table shows the top three and bottom three ratings and admin rankings for schools in each conference, with the Big 12 and SEC shown both before and after the realignment. I have to give a special notice to Iowa State, where I taught for 33 years; I was pleased to see they fare pretty well, relatively speaking, although their absolute rating is only just a little above average.

There are some schools that had a bad rating even with a good Admin ranking. For example, Central Florida has the worst rating in the Big 12 even though they have the third-best Admin ranking there. Similarly for Columbia in the Ivy League, and Georgia in the SEC, which has the fourth best Admin ranking there but the worst rating. UC-Berkeley has the best Admin ranking in the PAC 12, offsetting their highly liberal student body (at 92%, the most liberal of the schools considered here), and ended up with an average FIRE rating. The most conservative student body is at Missisippi State, where only 34% identified as liberal.

One more factoid: among the schools in the Power 5 conferences, the “State University” schools are all rated better than the corresponding “University of” schools, except for Arizona and Arizona State. I suspect that’s due to the “State” schools tending to have more agriculture and engineering specialties; at least that’s the case here in Iowa.

Once again, you can see all of the ratings at the FIRE link above.