Last Time we reflected on how our system is currently poorly designed to represent the interests of the people, focusing on the House of Representatives. Recall that the current number of representatives is paltry, compared to the population of the United States- we are well beyond a number that makes sense for actual representation (e.g. Dunbar’s number), which results in ‘elite’ candidates being elected, instead of someone who is known by their constituents. Previously we suggested increasing the number of representatives, as that was completely consistent with the constitution and has significant historical precedence, now we will depart from the constitutional and look at alternate solutions.

Number of Representatives in the House of Representatives (blue) through time, plotted with census populations (orange) and the ratio of population to Representatives (grey). The image I should have used in the last installment.

Improving The Constitution

How can we improve further on the current constitutional system, and make the House of Representatives more consistent with American’s views? Let us explore 3 facets to a potential solution: proportional voting, unlimited representatives and at-large districts.

A Truly Proportional Voting System

Tackling proportional voting first, as this is the most complicated and necessarily sets the stage for all the other facets. Currently, if one person in your 750,000-person strong district wins a plurality of votes, they are deemed to have satisfactorily gained the approval of the public. In a three-way race where half of eligible voters bother to vote you could have 1/6th of the voting populace ‘represented’. The 5/6ths who were disgusted with all their options or wanted someone else? Well, hope they like their new ‘representative’. Instead, why not have each representative have a weighted vote in the House? All three candidates would ‘win’ the number of votes they received, be sent to the House of representatives and could cast their votes there, with a weight equal to the number of people who had voted for them. This is what I mean by ‘proportional voting’.
This is distinct from ‘proportional representation’ in that under proportional representation systems, you often vote for parties who then get to pick a certain number of representatives to send to the legislative body. As someone who doesn’t find party systems to be very representative, this wouldn’t be much of a system. Under my ‘proportional representation’ system you are still voting for a particular candidate, but the vote of each representative would vary in importance in accordance to how many people voted for them.
We can examine a simple example of a country with 100 voters and 5 representatives, the results of the election are as follows:
Rep. A gets 30 votes, Rep. B received 25, Rep C got 20, Rep. D has 15 and Rep E has 10. Or, in table form:

A measure is brought before the House and the representatives vote as follows:
Aye: Reps. A(30) and B (25)
Nay: Reps. C(25), D(15) and E(10)
Now under a normal system, the motion would not carry, as the vote is 3-2, against. Under our system, the votes each candidate received are combined- Rep A contributes 30 votes to the Aye side, while rep B contributes 25 votes. This gives a total of 55 votes for aye and 45 for nay. Thus, the motion would carry, despite fewer representatives voting for the motion than against it. In as much as they are being faithful to their constituents, they are more representative of the 100 people in our imaginary polity than Representatives C, D and E are. This number of votes that each representative receives I will henceforth call ‘voting strength’.
The use of voting strength solves several problems with other systems which political scientists go through great lengths to analyze and propose solutions to, such as the ‘dead’ votes in uncompetitive districts, where your vote has almost no chance to ‘count’. Winner takes all systems which lack of minor party representation, preventing individuals with fringe or even just less popular views from ever being represented. Gerrymandering to pack or crack political partisans or minority groups… these all go away.

Unlimited Representatives

While proportional voting greatly improves on the representation of the people, it does leave questions, such as- how to divvy up districts, how many candidates per district, etc? How about unlimited representatives per district? Yes, unlimited. This greatly weakens the importance of ‘parties’ in this system. There is no need to be a team player to get somewhere. It obviates the need for primaries to narrow down the candidates, leaves the maximal choice and even theoretically leaves the system open to a complete direct democracy. Yes, you could just vote for yourself and be a representative, and assuming no one else voted for you, have a voting strength of 1. Many people would not want to have to participate in every vote, and thus find it expeditious to vote for another person to represent them.
How about compensation? With unlimited representatives, why not vote for yourself and get some of that filthy lucre? Well, if everyone did it we’d surely have an issue of either needing to make the recompense for the job essentially 0 or else a paltry sum which wouldn’t be worth the time of full participation. My suggestion is a weighted salary- up to a certain value. Earlier I suggested a 1:1500 ratio perhaps we could fashion a sliding scale based on number of votes you represent equaling your salary up until you hit an arbitrary number of votes that is the ‘ideal’. Each vote you received might be worth $100 of salary, e.g. This puts a pretty hefty sum out there as available for representation, without an extreme burden on the populace. I think a cap (say, $150k) would be useful as a cost saving measure, and to keep the representatives a little humbler and more connected to the people. It is also a cost that every person in society could bear. I wouldn’t mind a line-item on your taxes for “$100- representation”. Don’t want to pay it? Vote for yourself and you’ll get it right back.

Districting

The last portion of my solution entails creating one large district out of the United States. Yes, no state-based representation- this is the House of Representatives, the states already have the Senate, which we wouldn’t be touching in any of these proposals. ‘But Lacky’, you say, ‘what about state specific interests?’ Still not satisfied? Go ahead and vote for a candidate from your state if you want.
This last provision is last on purpose as I feel it is least likely to matter and may even be counterproductive. What if everyone votes for the same guy? And we get a single person with 51% of the votes? Doesn’t this provision go against everything you argued for in part 1? Maybe a little- you certainly could vote for someone who is a demagogue, and who you don’t know at all. I guess I prefer the freedom to choose a bad choice, maybe that isn’t the smartest way to set up a government. There is a reason this proposal came last. Still, why shouldn’t I be able to vote for the person I think best represents my views, just because they live somewhere I don’t doesn’t mean they aren’t the best representative for me.
This system of course presents several administrative problems. In-person voting, setting agenda, etc. all become extremely difficult topics. I think I would lean on virtual voting as the only solution, and unlimited number of bills- each representative could propose anything for a vote- with only those receiving enough voting power (50%+1) passing and automatically moving on to the Senate. Those who don’t participate in a vote would not be counted as an abstention, but rather a ‘no’ as there would be far too many bills for each representative to make an informed choice on them all. Something like a database of the proposed bills would be required, and a timeframe equal to the congress’s length (2 years at most) to vote on measures. All measures from a previous congress would be void at the sitting of the next congress.

Conclusion

To review, my proposed system allows you to vote from among an unlimited number of representatives, located anywhere in our country. Each representative has a voting power equal to the number of votes they received, and compensation is in proportion to that. You can vote for yourself, so the system inherently allows for direct democracy while dealing with some of the issues of that system (time commitment of voters being the major problem). We would also use a single district method- you can vote for any person in the entire country, regardless of state boundaries. This system gives the maximum flexibility for public opinion, solves several issues with having equal voting power representatives and greatly improves on representation while still being workable.

Bonus: Remember the issue with all the non-voters lacking representation? Anyone who doesn’t vote gets counted as a negative on all votes. This both encourages participation while throwing sand in the gears of government. This is the governmental equivalent of the need for affirmative consent, so leftists should love it as well.